Although nanotechnology could transform electronics, energy industries and medicine, more research is needed to identify environmental, health and socio-economic hazards says UNEP in the 87-page report. The report was released yesterday on the opening day of the annual Global Ministerial Environment Forum, which is bringing together nearly 100 environment ministers and deputy ministers in Nairobi, Kenya. "This is a phenomenally rapidly expanding technology, but as yet we do not know what we are releasing into the atmosphere," said UNEP head, Achim Steiner. He also told journalists that there are no regulations specifically in place to monitor nanotechnology.
Nanomaterials are being developed for use in drugs, foods, cosmetics and medical devices and global production of carbon nanotubes alone has already reached some hundreds of tonnes per year. For instance, nanomaterials have been used to make stronger tennis rackets, stain-resistant clothes and self-cleaning windows.
The UNEP report stated that priority must be given in assessing the potential risks of nanomaterials already being mass-produced. Some critics of nanotechnology say that nanoparticles could easily be inhaled, absorbed through the skin or build up in the environment. Others have likened the materials to asbestos, which is now known to cause lung cancer and other diseases.
Although the nanotechnology industry is just starting out, it is already booming. It is projected to capture 14% of the US$2.6 trillion global manufacturing market, says UNEP. In contrast, it made up less than 0.1% just three years ago.
UNEP is calling for global test protocols and greater cooperation between private and public-sector industries, and between developing and industrialized nations. It also wants public education to raise awareness about nanotechnology, and provide information about its potential risks and benefits.